| Stock and Commodity Exchange Volatility Controls |
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| Stock exchanges such as the New York and American Stock Exchanges and trading facilities such as Nasdaq are considered self-regulatory organizations under federal securities laws. To reduce volatility, securities and commodities markets have adopted several mechanisms known as circuit breakers, the collar rule, and price limits. More... |
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| Responsibilities of Corporate Directors and Officers |
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| Boards of directors and officers of corporations have distinct functions. Generally, directors set corporate policy while officers carry out that policy. More... |
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| Duty of Obedience |
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| Most jurisdictions recognize that directors have three basic fiduciary duties: the duty of care, the duty of loyalty, and the duty of obedience. The duty of obedience requires a director to act in furtherance of the business organization's goals and mission as stated in the articles of incorporation and bylaws. More... |
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| The Regulation A Registration Exemption for Small Securities Offerings |
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| Under section 3(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities and Exchange Commission has established Regulation A to exempt small offerings of securities from registration requirements. While the exemption does not relieve a company from its obligation not to use false or misleading statements or from state law requirements, Regulation A allows companies to issue and sell securities with less burden and expense than normally required. More... |
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| The Intrastate Offering Exemption from SEC Registration Requirements |
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| Securities may be sold without first being registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission if one of several exemptions applies. An exemption does not allow the use of any false or misleading statements in the offer or sale of the securities, and the offering may still be subject to requirements under state laws. However, if an exemption is applicable, then the expense and burden of the initial registration and periodic reporting of substantial information about the company may be avoided. More... |
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